過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1. 概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首,。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句種。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過(guò)巴黎,。
2) 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,，用一般過(guò)去時(shí),。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
3) 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…",。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái),，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。
注意： had hardly… when... 剛......就......,。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……,。
例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
